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PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT

This is a method in which a photosensitizing compound is given and this accumulates in certain target cells which mostly are cancerous cells followed by irradiation of the lesion with visible light.  The combination of the two destroys the abnormal cells resulting in destruction of tissues.

 Indications

1. Bowen’s disease
2. Actinic keratosis
3. Basal cell carcinoma
4. Squamous cell carcinoma

 Possible indications for the future

1. Psoriasis
2. Warts
3. Other skin diseases

 Chemicals used

                  1        Porphyrins

2        Delta-amino levulinic acid

3        Pthalocyanines

4        Chlorin derivatives

5        Tin-etio purpurin

6        Lutetium texapyrin

7        Porphycenes

Light sources

1. PDT 1200 Lamp (Waldmann) is a metal halogen lamp which emits 600-800nm radiation.
2. Short-arc Xenon lamp – 400 –1200nm
3. Lasers – Argon dye laser (ADL) is a argon laser that emits a blue green beam in 450-530nm.
4. Other Lasers- gold vapor laser, copper vapor laser pumped dye laser, neodymium –YAG laser.

 Adverse effects 

1. Stinging sensation, burning pain, itching on light exposure.
2. Pain can be present for many hours.
3. Severe reactions – Blistering, ulceration and necrosis can occur.

 Normal course: - The natural course would be crusting, scaling, pruritus and healing within 2 to 8 weeks.